Caesarean section in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

This paper reviews global data on caesarean section (CS) focusing on Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries for which data could be obtained. CS rates in the EMR tend to average around 10%. The data, however, are often not representative of the whole country, being mostly hospital rather than community based. Global and regional CS trends, determinants, and outcomes are presented. Controversies and consensus over the indications for CS are reviewed. The cost of rising CS rates, women's involvement in decision-making, the role of health workers, data quality and legal aspects are highlighted, with discussion of the aim of reducing unduly high CS rates and promoting high-quality maternity care.